Types of Stones used for Building Construction
Stones
used for building construction should be hard, durable, tough and free from any
cracks and other defects.
Many
stones are available in the market like basalt, marble, limestone, sandstone,
quartzite, travertine, slate, gneiss, laterite, and granite which can be used
as construction materials.
Basalt
It
is a very hard stone formed from the rapid cooling of magnesium-rich and
iron-rich lava exposed at or very near the surface of a terrestrial planet or a
moon. It is used as an aggregate in crushing form. This Crushed basalt is
used for road base, concrete aggregate, asphalt pavement aggregate, railroad
ballast, filter stone in drain fields, and may other purposes. It has strength
of 200-350 MPa.
Granite
Granite is
stain resistant and durable stone, it's wide and colours make most
beautiful stone for a lifetime. Granite is used in buildings,
bridges, paving, monuments and many other exterior projects. Indoors,
polished granite slabs and tiles are used in countertops, tile
floors, stair treads and many other design elements. Granite is a
prestige material, used in projects to produce impressions of elegance and
quality. It has strength of 90-230 MPa.
Sandstone
Sandstone is
a sedimentary rock. It holds a cementing material that binds the sand grains
together and may contain a matrix of silt- or clay-size particles that occupy
the spaces between the sand grains. Sandstone was a popular building
material from ancient times. In constructing temples, homes and other
buildings, It has been used widely. Compressive strength of Sandstone is 20-170
MPa.
Slate
Slate is
a fine-grained, homogeneous metamorphic rock, which is foliated. It consists of
quartz, mica, and clay minerals. Various colours like dark grey, greenish gray,
purple gray to black are available. The compression strength of slate changes
from 100MPa to 200MPa. It is used as roofing tiles, slabs, and pavements.
Limestone
Limestone
is used for flooring, roofing, pavements and as a base material for cement.
Laterite
Laterite
is used as building stone. It is a reddish clayey material, hard when dry,
forming a topsoil in some tropical or subtropical regions. the compressive
strength of laterite is between 1.9MPa and 2.3 MPa.
Marble
It
is used for facing and ornamental works in columns, flooring, and steps. The
compressive strength of marble varies from 70MPa to 75MPa.
Gneiss
This
type of stone is used for minor construction. The compression strength varies
from 50MPa to 200MPa.
Quartzite
It
is used as building blocks, slabs, and as aggregate for concrete. The
crushing strength is between 50MPa to 300MPa.
Travertine
It
is used for paving, garden paths, and courtyards. Its specific gravity is 1.68
and compressive strength varies from 80-120 MPa.
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